Jarosław Leon Iwaszkiewicz, also known under his literary pseudonym
Eleuter (20 February 1894 â€" 2 March 1980), was a Polish writer,
poet, essayist, dramatist and translator.[1] He is recognized for his
literary achievements, beginning with poetry and prose written after
World War I.[2] After 1989, he was often presented as a political
opportunist during his mature years lived in communist Poland, where
he held high offices (participated in the slander of Polish
expatriates, literary and other figures who after World War II
remained in the West).[3] He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in
Literature four times.[4] In 1988, he was recognized as a Righteous
Among the Nations for his role in sheltering Jews during World War
II.[5]Iwaszkiewicz was born in Kalnyk in Kiev Governorate of the
Russian Empire (now Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). After the death of his
father (an accountant), he and his mother lived in Warsaw in
1902â€"1904, and then moved back to Kiev Governorate. He graduated
from a secondary school in Kiev in 1912 and enrolled at the Law
Faculty of Kiev University.In 1914, he travelled in Sicily and North
Africa with his friend and distant cousin Karol Szymanowski, a
composer for whose opera King Roger he later provided the libretto.[6]
After World War I, in October 1918 Iwaszkiewicz came to Warsaw, where
he joined a group of young artists associated with the Pro Arte et
Studio magazine. He had his public debut as a poet at the Pod
Picadorem café on 29 November. With Julian Tuwim and Antoni
SÅ‚onimski, he founded the Skamander group of experimental poets in
1919.[7]He was appointed to be secretary of Maciej Rataj, marshal of
the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic and served in that capacity in
1923â€"1925.[1] Iwaszkiewicz worked for a magazine called WiadomoÅ›ci
Literackie ('The Literary News') in 1924â€"1939; he also published his
works in numerous periodicals, including Gazeta Polska (1934â€"1938)
and Ateneum (1938â€"1939). He was secretary to the Society for the
Encouragement of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych) and
from 1925 a member of the Polish PEN Club.[1] From 1927 with the
Foreign Ministry, first appointed the head of the art promotion
section of the Press Department and later sent as secretary of the
Polish mission to Copenhagen (1932â€"1935) and Brussels
(1935â€"1936).[1] He was a member of The Trade Union of Polish Writers
(Związek Zawodowy Literatów Polskich, ZZLP) and in 1939 voted its
vice-president.[1]
Eleuter (20 February 1894 â€" 2 March 1980), was a Polish writer,
poet, essayist, dramatist and translator.[1] He is recognized for his
literary achievements, beginning with poetry and prose written after
World War I.[2] After 1989, he was often presented as a political
opportunist during his mature years lived in communist Poland, where
he held high offices (participated in the slander of Polish
expatriates, literary and other figures who after World War II
remained in the West).[3] He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in
Literature four times.[4] In 1988, he was recognized as a Righteous
Among the Nations for his role in sheltering Jews during World War
II.[5]Iwaszkiewicz was born in Kalnyk in Kiev Governorate of the
Russian Empire (now Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). After the death of his
father (an accountant), he and his mother lived in Warsaw in
1902â€"1904, and then moved back to Kiev Governorate. He graduated
from a secondary school in Kiev in 1912 and enrolled at the Law
Faculty of Kiev University.In 1914, he travelled in Sicily and North
Africa with his friend and distant cousin Karol Szymanowski, a
composer for whose opera King Roger he later provided the libretto.[6]
After World War I, in October 1918 Iwaszkiewicz came to Warsaw, where
he joined a group of young artists associated with the Pro Arte et
Studio magazine. He had his public debut as a poet at the Pod
Picadorem café on 29 November. With Julian Tuwim and Antoni
SÅ‚onimski, he founded the Skamander group of experimental poets in
1919.[7]He was appointed to be secretary of Maciej Rataj, marshal of
the Sejm of the Second Polish Republic and served in that capacity in
1923â€"1925.[1] Iwaszkiewicz worked for a magazine called WiadomoÅ›ci
Literackie ('The Literary News') in 1924â€"1939; he also published his
works in numerous periodicals, including Gazeta Polska (1934â€"1938)
and Ateneum (1938â€"1939). He was secretary to the Society for the
Encouragement of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych) and
from 1925 a member of the Polish PEN Club.[1] From 1927 with the
Foreign Ministry, first appointed the head of the art promotion
section of the Press Department and later sent as secretary of the
Polish mission to Copenhagen (1932â€"1935) and Brussels
(1935â€"1936).[1] He was a member of The Trade Union of Polish Writers
(Związek Zawodowy Literatów Polskich, ZZLP) and in 1939 voted its
vice-president.[1]
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