Kazakhstan,[c] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan,[d] is a
transcontinental country mainly located in Central Asia with a smaller
portion west of the Ural in Eastern Europe. It is the world's largest
landlocked country, and the ninth-largest country in the world, with
an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). Kazakhstan
is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating
60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry.
It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a
democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse
cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia in the north,
China in the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the
south, while also adjoining a large part of the Caspian Sea in the
southwest. It does not border Mongolia, although they are only 37
kilometers apart. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes plains, steppe,
taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and
deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of
2018[update]. Its population density is among the lowest, at less than
6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). Since 1997, the
capital is Nur-Sultan, formerly known as Astana. It was moved from
Almaty, the country's largest city.The territory of Kazakhstan has
historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires. In
antiquity, the nomadic Scythians inhabited the land and the Persian
Achaemenid Empire expanded towards the southern territory of the
modern country. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic
states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited
the country throughout its history.
transcontinental country mainly located in Central Asia with a smaller
portion west of the Ural in Eastern Europe. It is the world's largest
landlocked country, and the ninth-largest country in the world, with
an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq mi). Kazakhstan
is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating
60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil and gas industry.
It also has vast mineral resources.Kazakhstan is officially a
democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse
cultural heritage. Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia in the north,
China in the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the
south, while also adjoining a large part of the Caspian Sea in the
southwest. It does not border Mongolia, although they are only 37
kilometers apart. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes plains, steppe,
taiga, rock canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and
deserts. Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of
2018[update]. Its population density is among the lowest, at less than
6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi). Since 1997, the
capital is Nur-Sultan, formerly known as Astana. It was moved from
Almaty, the country's largest city.The territory of Kazakhstan has
historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires. In
antiquity, the nomadic Scythians inhabited the land and the Persian
Achaemenid Empire expanded towards the southern territory of the
modern country. Turkic nomads, who trace their ancestry to many Turkic
states such as the First and Second Turkic Khaganates, have inhabited
the country throughout its history.
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